Material: The material used for the die and punch is crucial. High-quality tool steels or carbide alloys offer superior hardness, wear resistance, and toughness.

Hardness: The hardness of the die and punch is measured by their Rockwell or Brinell hardness. A higher hardness rating indicates greater resistance to abrasion and deformation.

Design: The design of the die and punch plays a significant role in their durability. Factors like the thickness of the die and punch, the angle of the cutting edges, and the overall geometry can affect their performance and longevity.

Manufacturing process: The manufacturing process used to create the die and punch can impact their quality. Precision machining and heat treatment are essential for ensuring dimensional accuracy and proper hardness.

Heat treatment: Proper heat treatment is necessary to achieve the desired hardness and microstructure of the die and punch material. This process involves heating the material to a specific temperature and then cooling it at a controlled rate.

Environmental factors: Factors like temperature, humidity, and exposure to corrosive substances can also influence the durability of a die and punch set. Proper storage and handling can help minimize the impact of these environmental factors.